HTML

Living Standard — Last Updated 7 March 2021

1. 1. 7.9 Session history and navigation
      1. 7.9.1 Browsing sessions
      2. 7.9.2 The session history of browsing contexts
      3. 7.9.3 The History interface
      4. 7.9.4 Implementation notes for session history
      5. 7.9.5 The Location interface
         1. 7.9.5.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )
         2. 7.9.5.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )
         3. 7.9.5.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )
         4. 7.9.5.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )
         5. 7.9.5.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )
         6. 7.9.5.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P , Desc )
         7. 7.9.5.7 [[Get]] ( P , Receiver )
         8. 7.9.5.8 [[Set]] ( P , V , Receiver )
         9. 7.9.5.9 [[Delete]] ( P )
         10. 7.9.5.10 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )

7.9 Session history and navigation

7.9.1 Browsing sessions

7.9.2 The session history of browsing contexts

The sequence of Document s in a browsing context is its session history . Each browsing context , including child browsing contexts , has a distinct session history. A browsing context 's session history consists of a flat list of session history entries .

Each Document object in a browsing context 's session history is associated with a unique History object which must all model the same underlying session history .

The history getter steps are to return this 's associated Document 's History instance.

A session history entry is a struct with the following items :

• URL , a URL

• document , a Document or null

  Each entry, when first created, has a Document for its document . However, when a Document is not active , it's possible for it to be discarded to free resources. The URL and other data in the session history entry is then used to bring a new Document into being to take the place of the original, in the case where the user agent finds itself having to navigate to the entry.

• serialized state , which is serialized state or null, initially null

• title , a string or null

  This need not have any relation with the current title of the document . The session history entry title is intended to explain the state of the document at that point, so that the user can navigate the document's history.

• scroll restoration mode , a scroll restoration mode , initially " auto ".

• scroll position data , which is scroll position data for the document 's restorable scrollable regions .

• browsing context name , a browsing context name

• persisted user state , which is implementation-defined , initially null

  For example, some user agents might want to persist the values of form controls.

  User agents that persist the value of form controls are encouraged to also persist their directionality (the value of the element's dir attribute). This prevents values from being displayed incorrectly after a history traversal when the user had originally entered the values with an explicit, non-default directionality.

Serialized state is a serialization (via StructuredSerializeForStorage ) of an object representing a user interface state. We sometimes informally refer to "state objects", which are the objects representing user interface state supplied by the author, or alternately the objects created by deserializing (via StructuredDeserialize ) serialized state.

Pages can add serialized state to the session history. These are then deserialized and returned to the script when the user (or script) goes back in the history, thus enabling authors to use the "navigation" metaphor even in one-page applications.

A scroll restoration mode indicates whether the user agent should restore the persisted scroll position (if any) when traversing to an entry . A scroll restoration mode is one of the following:

" auto "

The user agent is responsible for restoring the scroll position upon navigation.

" manual "

The page is responsible for restoring the scroll position and the user agent does not attempt to do so automatically

Several contiguous entries in a session history can share the same document . This can occur when the initial entry is reached via normal navigation , and the following entry is added via history.pushState() . Or it can occur via navigation to a fragment .

All entries that share the same document (and that are therefore merely different states of one particular document) are contiguous by definition.

User agents may discard the documents of entries with non-null documents , as long as the following conditions are met:

• They must not discard the document of the current entry .

• They must not discard any Document objects which are referenced from script.

Apart from these restrictions, this standard does not specify when user agents should discard an entry's document , versus keeping it cached.

Discarding a Document will set the corresponding document item of any session history entries to null. Subsequent navigations to those entries will result in the creation of a new Document object, and set the document item to it.

At any point, one of the entries in the session history is the current entry . This is the entry representing the active document of the browsing context . Which entry is the current entry is changed by the algorithms defined in this specification, e.g., during session history traversal .

The current entry is usually the initial entry created upon navigation. However, it can also be one of the contiguous entries that share the same document , as described above.

Each Document in a browsing context can also have a latest entry . This is the entry for that Document to which the browsing context 's session history was most recently traversed. When a Document is created, it initially has no latest entry .

7.9.3 The History interface

enum ScrollRestoration { "auto", "manual" };
[Exposed=Window]
interface History {
  readonly attribute unsigned long length;
  attribute ScrollRestoration scrollRestoration;
  readonly attribute any state;
  undefined go(optional long delta = 0);
  undefined back();
  undefined forward();
  undefined pushState(any data, DOMString title, optional USVString? url = null);
  undefined replaceState(any data, DOMString title, optional USVString? url = null);
};

window . history . length

Returns the number of entries in the joint session history .

window . history . scrollRestoration [ = value ]

Returns the scroll restoration mode of the current entry in the session history .

Can be set, to change the scroll restoration mode of the current entry in the session history .

window . history . state

Returns the current serialized state , deserialized into an object.

window . history . go ( [ delta ] )

Goes back or forward the specified number of steps in the joint session history .

A zero delta will reload the current page.

If the delta is out of range, does nothing.

window . history . back ()

Goes back one step in the joint session history .

If there is no previous page, does nothing.

window . history . forward ()

Goes forward one step in the joint session history .

If there is no next page, does nothing.

window . history . pushState ( data , title [, url ] )

Pushes the given data onto the session history, with the given title, and, if provided and not null, the given URL.

window . history . replaceState ( data , title [, url ] )

Updates the current entry in the session history to have the given data, title, and, if provided and not null, URL.

The joint session history of a top-level browsing context is the union of all the session histories of all browsing contexts of all the fully active Document objects that share that top-level browsing context , with all the entries that are current entries in their respective session histories removed except for the current entry of the joint session history .

The current entry of the joint session history is the entry that most recently became a current entry in its session history .

Entries in the joint session history are ordered chronologically by the time they were added to their respective session histories . Each entry has an index; the earliest entry has index 0, and the subsequent entries are numbered with consecutively increasing integers (1, 2, 3, etc).

Since each Document in a browsing context might have a different event loop , the actual state of the joint session history can be somewhat nebulous. For example, two sibling iframe elements could both traverse from one unique origin to another at the same time, so their precise order might not be well-defined; similarly, since they might only find out about each other later, they might disagree about the length of the joint session history .

Each History object has state , initially null.

The length getter steps are:

1. If this 's associated Document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return the number of entries in the top-level browsing context 's joint session history .

The actual entries are not accessible from script.

The scrollRestoration getter steps are:

1. If this 's associated Document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return this 's session history 's current entry 's scroll restoration mode .

The scrollRestoration setter steps are:

1. If this 's associated Document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Set this 's session history 's current entry 's scroll restoration mode to the given value.

The state getter steps are:

1. If this 's associated Document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return this 's state .

The go( delta ) method steps are:

1. Let document be this 's associated Document .

2. If document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. If delta is 0, then act as if the location.reload() method was called, and return.

4. Traverse the history by a delta with delta and document 's browsing context .

The back() method steps are:

1. Let document be this 's associated Document .

2. If document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Traverse the history by a delta with −1 and document 's browsing context .

The forward() method steps are:

1. Let document be this 's associated Document .

2. If document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Traverse the history by a delta with +1 and document 's browsing context .

Each top-level browsing context has a session history traversal queue , initially empty, to which tasks can be added.

Each top-level browsing context , when created, must begin running the following algorithm, known as the session history event loop for that top-level browsing context , in parallel :

1. Wait until this top-level browsing context 's session history traversal queue is not empty.

2. Pull the first task from this top-level browsing context 's session history traversal queue , and execute it.

3. Return to the first step of this algorithm.

The session history event loop helps coordinate cross-browsing-context transitions of the joint session history : since each browsing context might, at any particular time, have a different event loop (this can happen if the user navigates from example.com to shop.example ), transitions would otherwise have to involve cross-event-loop synchronization.

To traverse the history by a delta given delta and browsing context source browsing context , the user agent must append a task to this top-level browsing context 's session history traversal queue , the task consisting of running the following steps:

1. If the index of the current entry of the joint session history plus delta is less than zero or greater than or equal to the number of items in the joint session history , then return.

2. Let specified entry be the entry in the joint session history whose index is the sum of delta and the index of the current entry of the joint session history .

3. Let specified browsing context be the browsing context of the specified entry .

4. If source browsing context is not allowed to navigate specified browsing context , then return.

5. If the specified browsing context 's active document 's unload a document algorithm is currently running, return.

6. Queue a global task on the history traversal task source given specified browsing context 's active window to perform the following steps:

   1. If there is an ongoing attempt to navigate specified browsing context that has not yet matured (i.e. it has not passed the point of making its Document the active document ), then cancel that attempt to navigate the browsing context .

   2. If the specified browsing context 's active document is not the same Document as the Document of the specified entry , then run these substeps:

      1. Prompt to unload the active document of the specified browsing context . If the user refused to allow the document to be unloaded , then return.

      2. Unload the active document of the specified browsing context .

   3. Traverse the history of the specified browsing context to the specified entry with explicitHistoryNavigation set to true.

When the user navigates through a browsing context , e.g. using a browser's back and forward buttons, the user agent must traverse the history by a delta with a delta equivalent to the action specified by the user and the browsing context being operated on.

The URL and history update steps , given a Document document , a URL newURL , an optional serialized state -or-null serializedData (default null), an optional string-or-null title (default null), and an optional boolean isPush (default false), are:

1. Let browsingContext be document 's browsing context .

2. If isPush is true, then:

   1. Remove all the entries in browsingContext 's session history after the current entry . If the current entry is the last entry in the session history, then no entries are removed.

      This doesn't necessarily have to affect the user agent's user interface.

   2. Remove any tasks queued by the history traversal task source that are associated with any Document objects in the top-level browsing context 's document family .

   3. Save persisted state to the current entry .

   4. Add a session history entry entry to browsingContext 's session history , after the current entry , with

      • newURL as the URL ;

      • document as the document ;

      • serializedData as the serialized state ;

      • title as the title ;

      • the scroll restoration mode of the current entry in the session history as the scroll restoration mode .

   5. Update the current entry to be this newly added entry.

3. Otherwise:

   1. Let entry be browsingContext 's session history 's current entry .

   2. Set entry 's URL to newURL .

   3. If serializedData is not null, then set entry 's serialized state to serializedData .

   4. Set entry 's title to title .

   5. Update entry so that it represents a GET request, if it currently represents a non-GET request (e.g. it was the result of a POST submission).

      What does this mean? This is not a part of the definition of session history entry .

4. Set document 's URL to newURL .

   Since this is neither a navigation of the browsing context nor a history traversal , it does not cause a hashchange event to be fired.

The pushState( data , title , url ) method steps are to run the shared history push/replace state steps given this , data , title , url , and true.

The replaceState( data , title , url ) method steps are to run the shared history push/replace state steps given this , data , title , url , and false.

The shared history push/replace state steps , given a History history , a value data , a string title , a scalar value string -or-null url , and a boolean isPush , are:

1. Let document be history 's associated Document .

2. If document is not fully active , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Optionally, return. (For example, the user agent might disallow calls to these methods that are invoked on a timer, or from event listeners that are not triggered in response to a clear user action, or that are invoked in rapid succession.)

4. Let targetRealm be history 's relevant Realm .

5. Let serializedData be StructuredSerializeForStorage ( data ). Rethrow any exceptions.

6. Let newURL be the session history 's current entry 's URL .

7. If url is not null, then:

   1. Parse url , relative to the relevant settings object of history .

   2. If that fails, then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

   3. Set newURL to the resulting URL record .

   4. Compare newURL to document 's URL . If any component of these two URL records differ other than the path , query , and fragment components, then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

   5. If the origin of newURL is not same origin with the origin of document , and either the path or query components of the two URL records compared in the previous step differ, throw a " SecurityError " DOMException . (This prevents sandboxed content from spoofing other pages on the same origin.)

8. Run the URL and history update steps given document and newURL , with serializedData set to serializedData , title set to title , and isPush set to isPush .

9. Let state be StructuredDeserialize ( serializedData , targetRealm ). If this throws an exception, catch it, ignore the exception, and set state to null.

10. Set history 's state to state .

11. Set the current entry 's document 's latest entry to the current entry .

The title is purely advisory. User agents might use the title in the user interface.

User agents may limit the number of state objects added to the session history per page. If a page hits the implementation-defined limit, user agents must remove the entry immediately after the first entry for that Document object in the session history after having added the new entry. (Thus the state history acts as a FIFO buffer for eviction, but as a LIFO buffer for navigation.)

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!-- this is https://example.com/line?x=5 -->
<html lang="en">
<title>Line Game - 5</title>
<p>You are at coordinate 5 on the line.</p>
<p>
 <a href="?x=6">Advance to 6</a> or
 <a href="?x=4">retreat to 4</a>?
</p>

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<!-- this starts off as https://example.com/line?x=5 -->
<html lang="en">
<title>Line Game - 5</title>
<p>You are at coordinate <span id="coord">5</span> on the line.</p>
<p>
 <a href="?x=6" onclick="go(1); return false;">Advance to 6</a> or
 <a href="?x=4" onclick="go(-1); return false;">retreat to 4</a>?
</p>
<script>
 var currentPage = 5; // prefilled by server
 function go(d) {
   setupPage(currentPage + d);
   history.pushState(currentPage, document.title, '?x=' + currentPage);
 }
 onpopstate = function(event) {
   setupPage(event.state);
 }
 function setupPage(page) {
   currentPage = page;
   document.title = 'Line Game - ' + currentPage;
   document.getElementById('coord').textContent = currentPage;
   document.links[0].href = '?x=' + (currentPage+1);
   document.links[0].textContent = 'Advance to ' + (currentPage+1);
   document.links[1].href = '?x=' + (currentPage-1);
   document.links[1].textContent = 'retreat to ' + (currentPage-1);
 }
</script>

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<HTML LANG=EN>
<TITLE>Line</TITLE>
<SCRIPT>
 setInterval(function () { document.title = 'Line - ' + new Date(); }, 1000);
 var i = 1;
 function inc() {
   set(i+1);
   history.pushState(i, 'Line - ' + i);
 }
 function set(newI) {
   i = newI;
   document.forms.F.I.value = newI;
 }
</SCRIPT>
<BODY ONPOPSTATE="set(event.state)">
<FORM NAME=F>
State: <OUTPUT NAME=I>1</OUTPUT> <INPUT VALUE="Increment" TYPE=BUTTON ONCLICK="inc()">
</FORM>

<head>
  <script>
       if ('scrollRestoration' in history)
            history.scrollRestoration = 'manual';
  </script>
</head>

7.9.4 Implementation notes for session history

This section is non-normative.

The History interface is not meant to place restrictions on how implementations represent the session history to the user.

For example, session history could be implemented in a tree-like manner, with each page having multiple "forward" pages. This specification doesn't define how the linear list of pages in the history object are derived from the actual session history as seen from the user's perspective.

Similarly, a page containing two iframe s has a history object distinct from the iframe s' history objects, despite the fact that typical web browsers present the user with just one "Back" button, with a session history that interleaves the navigation of the two inner frames and the outer page.

Security : It is suggested that to avoid letting a page "hijack" the history navigation facilities of a UA by abusing pushState() , the UA provide the user with a way to jump back to the previous page (rather than just going back to the previous state). For example, the back button could have a drop down showing just the pages in the session history, and not showing any of the states. Similarly, an aural browser could have two "back" commands, one that goes back to the previous state, and one that jumps straight back to the previous page.

For both pushState() and replaceState() , user agents are encouraged to prevent abuse of these APIs via too-frequent calls or over-large state objects. As detailed above, the algorithm explicitly allows user agents to ignore any such calls when appropriate.

7.9.5 The Location interface

Each Window object is associated with a unique instance of a Location object, allocated when the Window object is created.

The Location exotic object is defined through a mishmash of IDL, invocation of JavaScript internal methods post-creation, and overridden JavaScript internal methods. Coupled with its scary security policy, please take extra care while implementing this excrescence.

To create a Location object, run these steps:

1. Let location be a new Location platform object .

2. Let valueOf be location 's relevant Realm .[[Intrinsics]].[[ %Object.prototype.valueOf% ]].

3. Perform ! location .[[DefineOwnProperty]](" valueOf ", { [[Value]]: valueOf , [[Writable]]: false, [[Enumerable]]: false, [[Configurable]]: false }).

4. Perform ! location .[[DefineOwnProperty]]( @@toPrimitive , { [[Value]]: undefined, [[Writable]]: false, [[Enumerable]]: false, [[Configurable]]: false }).

5. Set the value of the [[DefaultProperties]] internal slot of location to location .[[OwnPropertyKeys]]().

6. Return location .

The addition of valueOf and @@toPrimitive own data properties, as well as the fact that all of Location 's IDL attributes are marked [ LegacyUnforgeable ] , is required by legacy code that consulted the Location interface, or stringified it, to determine the document URL , and then used it in a security-sensitive way. In particular, the valueOf , @@toPrimitive , and [ LegacyUnforgeable ] stringifier mitigations ensure that code such as foo[location] = bar or location + "" cannot be misdirected.

document . location [ = value ]

window . location [ = value ]

Returns a Location object with the current page's location.

Can be set, to navigate to another page.

The Document object's location attribute's getter must return this Document object's relevant global object 's Location object, if this Document object is fully active , and null otherwise.

The Window object's location attribute's getter must return this Window object's Location object.

Location objects provide a representation of the URL of the active document of their Document 's browsing context , and allow the current entry of the browsing context 's session history to be changed, by adding or replacing entries in the history object.

[Exposed=Window]
interface Location { // but see also additional creation steps and overridden internal methods
  [LegacyUnforgeable] stringifier attribute USVString href;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] readonly attribute USVString origin;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString protocol;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString host;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString hostname;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString port;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString pathname;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString search;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] attribute USVString hash;
  [LegacyUnforgeable] undefined assign(USVString url);
  [LegacyUnforgeable] undefined replace(USVString url);
  [LegacyUnforgeable] undefined reload();
  [LegacyUnforgeable, SameObject] readonly attribute DOMStringList ancestorOrigins;
};

location . toString()

location . href

Returns the Location object's URL.

Can be set, to navigate to the given URL.

location . origin

Returns the Location object's URL's origin.

location . protocol

Returns the Location object's URL's scheme.

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed scheme.

location . host

Returns the Location object's URL's host and port (if different from the default port for the scheme).

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed host and port.

location . hostname

Returns the Location object's URL's host.

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed host.

location . port

Returns the Location object's URL's port.

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed port.

location . pathname

Returns the Location object's URL's path.

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed path.

location . search

Returns the Location object's URL's query (includes leading " ? " if non-empty).

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed query (ignores leading " ? ").

location . hash

Returns the Location object's URL's fragment (includes leading " # " if non-empty).

Can be set, to navigate to the same URL with a changed fragment (ignores leading " # ").

location . assign ( url )

Navigates to the given URL.

location . replace ( url )

Removes the current page from the session history and navigates to the given URL.

location . reload ()

Reloads the current page.

location . ancestorOrigins

Returns a DOMStringList object listing the origins of the ancestor browsing contexts , from the parent browsing context to the top-level browsing context .

A Location object has an associated relevant Document , which is this Location object's relevant global object 's browsing context 's active document , if this Location object's relevant global object 's browsing context is non-null, and null otherwise.

A Location object has an associated url , which is this Location object's relevant Document 's URL , if this Location object's relevant Document is non-null, and about:blank otherwise.

A Location object has an associated ancestor origins list . When a Location object is created, its ancestor origins list must be set to a DOMStringList object whose associated list is the list of strings that the following steps would produce:

1. Let output be a new list of strings.

2. Let current be the browsing context of the Document with which this Location object is associated.

3. Loop : If current has no parent browsing context , jump to the step labeled end .

4. Let current be current 's parent browsing context .

5. Append the serialization of current 's active document 's origin to output .

6. Return to the step labeled loop .

7. End : Return output .

A Location object has an associated Location -object-setter navigate algorithm, which given a url , runs these steps:

1. Let historyHandling be " replace ".

2. If any of the following conditions are met, then set historyHandling to " default ":

   • This Location object's relevant Document has completely loaded , or
   • In the task in which the algorithm is running, an activation behavior is currently being processed whose click event's isTrusted attribute is true, or
   • In the task in which the algorithm is running, the event listener for a click event, whose isTrusted attribute is true, is being handled.

3. Location -object navigate , given url and historyHandling .

To Location -object navigate , given a url and historyHandling :

1. Let browsingContext be the current global object 's browsing context .

2. Let sourceBrowsingContext be the incumbent global object 's browsing context .

3. If browsingContext 's session history contains only one Document , and that was the about:blank Document created when the browsing context was created, then set historyHandling to " replace ".

4. Navigate browsingContext to url , with exceptionsEnabled set to true, historyHandling set to historyHandling , and the source browsing context set to sourceBrowsingContext .

The href attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return this Location object's url , serialized .

The href attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. Parse the given value relative to the entry settings object . If that failed, throw a TypeError exception.

3. Location -object-setter navigate given the resulting URL record .

The href attribute setter intentionally has no security check.

The origin attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return the serialization of this Location object's url 's origin .

The protocol attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Return this Location object's url 's scheme , followed by " : ".

The protocol attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. Let possibleFailure be the result of basic URL parsing the given value, followed by " : ", with copyURL as url and scheme start state as state override .

   Because the URL parser ignores multiple consecutive colons, providing a value of " https: " (or even " https:::: ") is the same as providing a value of " https ".

5. If possibleFailure is failure, then throw a " SyntaxError " DOMException .

6. If copyURL 's scheme is not an HTTP(S) scheme , then terminate these steps.

7. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The host attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Let url be this Location object's url .

3. If url 's host is null, return the empty string.

4. If url 's port is null, return url 's host , serialized .

5. Return url 's host , serialized , followed by " : " and url 's port , serialized .

The host attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. If copyURL 's cannot-be-a-base-URL is true, then return.

5. Basic URL parse the given value, with copyURL as url and host state as state override .

6. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The hostname attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. If this Location object's url 's host is null, return the empty string.

3. Return this Location object's url 's host , serialized .

The hostname attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. If copyURL 's cannot-be-a-base-URL is true, then return.

5. Basic URL parse the given value, with copyURL as url and hostname state as state override .

6. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The port attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. If this Location object's url 's port is null, return the empty string.

3. Return this Location object's url 's port , serialized .

The port attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. If copyURL cannot have a username/password/port , then return.

5. If the given value is the empty string, then set copyURL 's port to null.

6. Otherwise, basic URL parse the given value, with copyURL as url and port state as state override .

7. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The pathname attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. Let url be this Location object's url .

3. If url 's cannot-be-a-base-URL is true, then return url 's path [0].

4. If url 's path is empty, then return the empty string.

5. Return " / ", followed by the strings in url 's path (including empty strings), separated from each other by " / ".

The pathname attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. If copyURL 's cannot-be-a-base-URL is true, then return.

5. Set copyURL 's path to the empty list.

6. Basic URL parse the given value, with copyURL as url and path start state as state override .

7. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The search attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. If this Location object's url 's query is either null or the empty string, return the empty string.

3. Return " ? ", followed by this Location object's url 's query .

The search attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. If the given value is the empty string, set copyURL 's query to null.

5. Otherwise, run these substeps:

   1. Let input be the given value with a single leading " ? " removed, if any.

   2. Set copyURL 's query to the empty string.

   3. Basic URL parse input , with null, the relevant Document 's document's character encoding , copyURL as url , and query state as state override .

6. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

The hash attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is non-null and its origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

2. If this Location object's url 's fragment is either null or the empty string, return the empty string.

3. Return " # ", followed by this Location object's url 's fragment .

The hash attribute's setter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Let copyURL be a copy of this Location object's url .

4. Let input be the given value with a single leading " # " removed, if any.

5. Set copyURL 's fragment to the empty string.

6. Basic URL parse input , with copyURL as url and fragment state as state override .

7. Location -object-setter navigate to copyURL .

Unlike the equivalent API for the a and area elements, the hash attribute's setter does not special case the empty string to remain compatible with deployed scripts.

When the assign( url ) method is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Parse url relative to the entry settings object . If that failed, throw a " SyntaxError " DOMException .

4. Location -object navigate given the resulting URL record and " default ".

When the replace( url ) method is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return.

2. Parse url relative to the entry settings object . If that failed, throw a " SyntaxError " DOMException .

3. Location -object navigate given the resulting URL record and " replace ".

The replace() method intentionally has no security check.

When the reload() method is invoked, the user agent must run the appropriate steps from the following list:

If this Location object's relevant Document is null

Return.

If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin

Throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

If the currently executing task is the dispatch of a resize event in response to the user resizing the browsing context

Repaint the browsing context and return.

If the browsing context 's active document is an iframe srcdoc document

Reprocess the iframe attributes of the browsing context 's container .

Otherwise

Navigate the browsing context to this Location object's relevant Document 's URL , with exceptionsEnabled set to true, historyHandling set to " reload ", and the source browsing context set to the browsing context being navigated.

When a user requests that the active document of a browsing context be reloaded through a user interface element, the user agent should navigate the browsing context to the same resource as that Document , with historyHandling set to " reload ". In the case of non-idempotent methods (e.g., HTTP POST), the user agent should prompt the user to confirm the operation first, since otherwise transactions (e.g., purchases or database modifications) could be repeated. User agents may allow the user to explicitly override any caches when reloading.

The ancestorOrigins attribute's getter must run these steps:

1. If this Location object's relevant Document is null, then return an empty list .

2. If this Location object's relevant Document 's origin is not same origin-domain with the entry settings object 's origin , then throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

3. Otherwise, return this Location object's ancestor origins list .

The details of how the ancestorOrigins attribute works are still controversial and might change. See issue #1918 for more information.

As explained earlier, the Location exotic object requires additional logic beyond IDL for security purposes. The Location object must use the ordinary internal methods except where it is explicitly specified otherwise below.

Also, every Location object has a [[DefaultProperties]] internal slot representing its own properties at time of its creation.

7.9.5.1 [[GetPrototypeOf]] ( )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then return ! OrdinaryGetPrototypeOf ( this ).

2. Return null.

7.9.5.2 [[SetPrototypeOf]] ( V )

1. Return ! SetImmutablePrototype ( this , V ).

7.9.5.3 [[IsExtensible]] ( )

1. Return true.

7.9.5.4 [[PreventExtensions]] ( )

1. Return false.

7.9.5.5 [[GetOwnProperty]] ( P )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then:

   1. Let desc be ! OrdinaryGetOwnProperty ( this , P ).

   2. If the value of the [[DefaultProperties]] internal slot of this contains P , then set desc .[[Configurable]] to true.

   3. Return desc .

2. Let property be ! CrossOriginGetOwnPropertyHelper ( this , P ).

3. If property is not undefined, then return property .

4. Return ? CrossOriginPropertyFallback ( P ).

7.9.5.6 [[DefineOwnProperty]] ( P , Desc )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then:

   1. If the value of the [[DefaultProperties]] internal slot of this contains P , then return false.

   2. Return ? OrdinaryDefineOwnProperty ( this , P , Desc ).

2. Throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

7.9.5.7 [[Get]] ( P , Receiver )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then return ? OrdinaryGet ( this , P , Receiver ).

2. Return ? CrossOriginGet ( this , P , Receiver ).

7.9.5.8 [[Set]] ( P , V , Receiver )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then return ? OrdinarySet ( this , P , Receiver ).

2. Return ? CrossOriginSet ( this , P , V , Receiver ).

7.9.5.9 [[Delete]] ( P )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then return ? OrdinaryDelete ( this , P ).

2. Throw a " SecurityError " DOMException .

7.9.5.10 [[OwnPropertyKeys]] ( )

1. If ! IsPlatformObjectSameOrigin ( this ) is true, then return ! OrdinaryOwnPropertyKeys ( this ).

2. Return ! CrossOriginOwnPropertyKeys ( this ).