References
References
All
references
are
normative
unless
marked
"Non-normative".
[ABNF]
Augmented
BNF
for
Syntax
Specifications:
ABNF
,
D.
Crocker,
P.
Overell.
IETF.
[ABOUT]
The
'about'
URI
scheme
,
S.
Moonesamy.
IETF.
[APNG]
(Non-normative)
APNG
Specification
.
S.
Parmenter,
V.
Vukicevic,
A.
Smith.
Mozilla.
[ARIA]
Accessible
Rich
Internet
Applications
(WAI-ARIA)
,
J.
Diggs,
J.
Craig,
S.
McCarron,
M.
Cooper.
W3C.
[ARIAHTML]
ARIA
in
HTML
,
S.
Faulkner.
W3C.
[ATAG]
(Non-normative)
Authoring
Tool
Accessibility
Guidelines
(ATAG)
2.0
,
J.
Richards,
J.
Spellman,
J.
Treviranus.
W3C.
[ATOM]
(Non-normative)
The
Atom
Syndication
Format
,
M.
Nottingham,
R.
Sayre.
IETF.
[BATTERY]
(Non-normative)
Battery
Status
API
,
A.
Kostiainen,
M.
Lamouri.
W3C.
[BCP47]
Tags
for
Identifying
Languages;
Matching
of
Language
Tags
,
A.
Phillips,
M.
Davis.
IETF.
[BEZIER]
Courbes
à
poles
,
P.
de
Casteljau.
INPI,
1959.
[BIDI]
UAX
#9:
Unicode
Bidirectional
Algorithm
,
M.
Davis.
Unicode
Consortium.
[BOCU1]
(Non-normative)
UTN
#6:
BOCU-1:
MIME-Compatible
Unicode
Compression
,
M.
Scherer,
M.
Davis.
Unicode
Consortium.
[CESU8]
(Non-normative)
UTR
#26:
Compatibility
Encoding
Scheme
For
UTF-16:
8-BIT
(CESU-8)
,
T.
Phipps.
Unicode
Consortium.
[CHARMOD]
(Non-normative)
Character
Model
for
the
World
Wide
Web
1.0:
Fundamentals
,
M.
Dürst,
F.
Yergeau,
R.
Ishida,
M.
Wolf,
T.
Texin.
W3C.
[CLDR]
Unicode
Common
Locale
Data
Repository
.
Unicode.
[CLIENTHINTS]
Client
Hints
,
I.
Grigorik.
[COMPOSITE]
Compositing
and
Blending
,
R.
Cabanier,
N.
Andronikos.
W3C.
[COMPUTABLE]
(Non-normative)
On
computable
numbers,
with
an
application
to
the
Entscheidungsproblem
,
A.
Turing.
In
Proceedings
of
the
London
Mathematical
Society
,
series
2,
volume
42,
pages
230-265.
London
Mathematical
Society,
1937.
[COOKIES]
HTTP
State
Management
Mechanism
,
A.
Barth.
IETF.
[CSP]
Content
Security
Policy
,
M.
West,
D.
Veditz.
W3C.
[CSS]
Cascading
Style
Sheets
Level
2
Revision
2
,
B.
Bos,
T.
Çelik,
I.
Hickson,
H.
Lie.
W3C.
[CSSALIGN]
CSS
Box
Alignment
,
E.
Etemad,
T.
Atkins.
W3C.
[CSSANIMATIONS]
CSS
Animations
,
D.
Jackson,
D.
Hyatt,
C.
Marrin,
S.
Galineau,
L.
Baron.
W3C.
[CSSATTR]
CSS
Style
Attributes
,
T.
Çelik,
E.
Etemad.
W3C.
[CSSBG]
CSS
Backgrounds
and
Borders
,
B.
Bos,
E.
Etemad,
B.
Kemper.
W3C.
[CSSCASCADE]
CSS
Cascading
and
Inheritance
,
E.
Etemad,
T.
Atkins.
W3C.
[CSSCOLOR]
CSS
Color
Module
,
T.
Çelik,
C.
Lilley,
L.
Baron.
W3C.
[CSSDISPLAY]
CSS
Display
,
T.
Atkins,
E.
Etemad.
W3C.
[CSSFONTLOAD]
CSS
Font
Loading
,
T.
Atkins,
J.
Daggett.
W3C.
[CSSFONTS]
CSS
Fonts
,
J.
Daggett.
W3C.
[CSSFLEXBOX]
CSS
Flexible
Box
Layout
,
T.
Atkins,
E.
Etemad,
R.
Atanassov.
W3C.
[CSSGC]
CSS
Generated
Content
,
H.
Lie,
E.
Etemad,
I.
Hickson.
W3C.
[CSSGRID]
CSS
Grid
Layout
,
T.
Atkins,
E.
Etemad,
R.
Atanassov.
W3C.
[CSSIMAGES]
CSS
Image
Values
and
Replaced
Content
Module
,
E.
Etemad,
T.
Atkins.
W3C.
[CSSLISTS]
CSS
Lists
and
Counters
,
T.
Atkins.
W3C.
[CSSLOGICAL]
CSS
Logical
Properties
,
R.
Atanassov,
E.
Etemad.
W3C.
[CSSMULTICOL]
CSS
Multi-column
Layout
,
H.
Lie,
F.
Rivoal,
R.
Andrew.
W3C.
[CSSOM]
Cascading
Style
Sheets
Object
Model
(CSSOM)
,
S.
Pieters,
G.
Adams.
W3C.
[CSSOMVIEW]
CSSOM
View
Module
,
S.
Pieters,
G.
Adams.
W3C.
[CSSOVERFLOW]
CSS
Overflow
Module
,
L.
Baron,
F.
Rivoal.
W3C.
[CSSPOSITION]
CSS
Positioned
Layout
,
R.
Atanassov,
A.
Eicholz.
W3C.
[CSSRUBY]
CSS3
Ruby
Module
,
R.
Ishida.
W3C.
[CSSTRANSITIONS]
(Non-normative)
CSS
Transitions
,
D.
Jackson,
D.
Hyatt,
C.
Marrin,
L.
Baron.
W3C.
[CSSUI]
CSS3
Basic
User
Interface
Module
,
T.
Çelik.
W3C.
[CSSSYNTAX]
CSS
Syntax
,
T.
Atkins,
S.
Sapin.
W3C.
[CSSTABLE]
CSS
Table
,
F.
Remy,
G.
Whitworth.
W3C.
[CSSTEXT]
CSS
Text
,
E.
Etemad,
K.
Ishii.
W3C.
[CSSVALUES]
CSS3
Values
and
Units
,
H.
Lie,
T.
Atkins,
E.
Etemad.
W3C.
[CSSWM]
CSS
Writing
Modes
,
E.
Etemad,
K.
Ishii.
W3C.
[DASH]
Dynamic
adaptive
streaming
over
HTTP
(DASH)
.
ISO.
[DOM]
DOM
,
A.
van
Kesteren,
A.
Gregor,
Ms2ger.
WHATWG.
[DOMPARSING]
DOM
Parsing
and
Serialization
,
T.
Leithead.
W3C.
[DOT]
(Non-normative)
The
DOT
Language
.
Graphviz.
[E163]
Recommendation
E.163
—
Numbering
Plan
for
The
International
Telephone
Service
,
CCITT
Blue
Book,
Fascicle
II.2,
pp.
128-134,
November
1988.
[ENCODING]
Encoding
,
A.
van
Kesteren,
J.
Bell.
WHATWG.
[EXECCOMMAND]
execCommand
,
J.
Wilm,
A.
Gregor.
W3C
Editing
APIs
CG.
[EXIF]
(Non-normative)
Exchangeable
image
file
format
.
JEITA.
[FEATUREPOLICY]
Feature
Policy
,
I.
Clelland,
WICG.
[FETCH]
Fetch
,
A.
van
Kesteren.
WHATWG.
[FILEAPI]
File
API
,
A.
Ranganathan.
W3C.
[FILTERS]
Filter
Effects
,
D.
Jackson,
E.
Dahlström,
D.
Schulze.
W3C.
[FULLSCREEN]
Fullscreen
,
A.
van
Kesteren,
T.
Çelik.
WHATWG.
[GEOMETRY]
Geometry
Interfaces
Module
.
S.
Pieters,
D.
Schulze,
R.
Cabanier.
W3C.
[GIF]
(Non-normative)
Graphics
Interchange
Format
.
CompuServe.
[GRAPHICS]
(Non-normative)
Computer
Graphics:
Principles
and
Practice
in
C
,
Second
Edition,
J.
Foley,
A.
van
Dam,
S.
Feiner,
J.
Hughes.
Addison-Wesley.
ISBN
0-201-84840-6.
[GREGORIAN]
(Non-normative)
Inter
Gravissimas
,
A.
Lilius,
C.
Clavius.
Gregory
XIII
Papal
Bull,
February
1582.
[HRT]
High
Resolution
Time
,
I.
Grigorik,
J.
Simonsen,
J.
Mann.
W3C.
[HTMLAAM]
HTML
Accessibility
API
Mappings
1.0
,
S.
Faulkner,
J.
Kiss,
A.
Surkov.
W3C.
[HTTP]
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Message
Syntax
and
Routing
,
R.
Fielding,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Semantics
and
Content
,
R.
Fielding,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Conditional
Requests
,
R.
Fielding,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Range
Requests
,
R.
Fielding,
Y.
Lafon,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Caching
,
R.
Fielding,
M.
Nottingham,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP/1.1):
Authentication
,
R.
Fielding,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
[INDEXEDDB]
Indexed
Database
API
,
A.
Alabbas,
J.
Bell.
W3C.
[INBAND]
Sourcing
In-band
Media
Resource
Tracks
from
Media
Containers
into
HTML
,
S.
Pfeiffer,
B.
Lund.
W3C.
[INFRA]
Infra
,
A.
van
Kesteren,
D.
Denicola.
WHATWG.
[INTERSECTIONOBSERVER]
Intersection
Observer
,
S.
Zager.
W3C.
[ISO3166]
ISO
3166:
Codes
for
the
representation
of
names
of
countries
and
their
subdivisions
.
ISO.
[ISO4217]
ISO
4217:
Codes
for
the
representation
of
currencies
and
funds
.
ISO.
[ISO8601]
(Non-normative)
ISO8601:
Data
elements
and
interchange
formats
—
Information
interchange
—
Representation
of
dates
and
times
.
ISO.
[JAVASCRIPT]
ECMAScript
Language
Specification
.
Ecma
International.
[JLREQ]
Requirements
for
Japanese
Text
Layout
.
W3C.
[JPEG]
JPEG
File
Interchange
Format
,
E.
Hamilton.
[JSBIGINT]
BigInt
.
Ecma
International.
[JSIMPORT]
import()
.
Ecma
International.
[JSIMPORTMETA]
import.meta
.
Ecma
International.
[JSINTL]
ECMAScript
Internationalization
API
Specification
.
Ecma
International.
[JSON]
The
JavaScript
Object
Notation
(JSON)
Data
Interchange
Format
,
T.
Bray.
IETF.
[LONGTASKS]
Long
Tasks
,
D.
Denicola,
I.
Grigorik,
S.
Panicker.
W3C.
[MAILTO]
(Non-normative)
The
'mailto'
URI
scheme
,
M.
Duerst,
L.
Masinter,
J.
Zawinski.
IETF.
[MATHML]
Mathematical
Markup
Language
(MathML)
,
D.
Carlisle,
P.
Ion,
R.
Miner.
W3C.
[MEDIAFRAG]
Media
Fragments
URI
,
R.
Troncy,
E.
Mannens,
S.
Pfeiffer,
D.
Van
Deursen.
W3C.
[MEDIASOURCE]
Media
Source
Extensions
,
A.
Colwell,
A.
Bateman,
M.
Watson.
W3C.
[MEDIASTREAM]
Media
Capture
and
Streams
,
D.
Burnett,
A.
Bergkvist,
C.
Jennings,
A.
Narayanan.
W3C.
[MFREL]
Microformats
Wiki:
existing
rel
values
.
Microformats.
[MIMESNIFF]
MIME
Sniffing
,
G.
Hemsley.
WHATWG.
[MIX]
Mixed
Content
,
M.
West.
W3C.
[MNG]
MNG
(Multiple-image
Network
Graphics)
Format
.
G.
Randers-Pehrson.
[MPEG2]
ISO/IEC
13818-1:
Information
technology
—
Generic
coding
of
moving
pictures
and
associated
audio
information:
Systems
.
ISO/IEC.
[MPEG4]
ISO/IEC
14496-12:
ISO
base
media
file
format
.
ISO/IEC.
[MQ]
Media
Queries
,
H.
Lie,
T.
Çelik,
D.
Glazman,
A.
van
Kesteren.
W3C.
[NAVMODEL]
A
Model
of
Navigation
History
.
C.
Brewster,
A.
Jeffrey.
[NPAPI]
(Non-normative)
Gecko
Plugin
API
Reference
.
Mozilla.
SkeletonHeaders
.
Xiph.Org.
[OPENSEARCH]
Autodiscovery
in
HTML/XHTML
.
In
OpenSearch
1.1
Draft
4
,
Section
4.6.2.
OpenSearch.org.
[ORIGIN]
(Non-normative)
The
Web
Origin
Concept
,
A.
Barth.
IETF.
[PAINTTIMING]
Paint
Timing
,
S.
Panicker.
W3C.
[PAGEVIS]
(Non-normative)
Page
Visibility
Level
2
,
I.
Grigorik,
A.
Jain,
J.
Mann.
W3C.
[PAYMENTREQUEST]
Payment
Request
API
,
A.
Bateman,
Z.
Koch,
R.
McElmurry.
W3C.
[PDF]
(Non-normative)
Document
management
—
Portable
document
format
—
Part
1:
PDF
.
ISO.
[PINGBACK]
Pingback
1.0
,
S.
Langridge,
I.
Hickson.
[PNG]
Portable
Network
Graphics
(PNG)
Specification
,
D.
Duce.
W3C.
[POINTEREVENTS]
Pointer
Events
,
J.
Rossi,
M.
Brubeck,
R.
Byers,
P.
H.
Lauke.
W3C.
[POINTERLOCK]
Pointer
Lock
,
V.
Scheib.
W3C.
[PPUTF8]
(Non-normative)
The
Properties
and
Promises
of
UTF-8
,
M.
Dürst.
University
of
Zürich.
In
Proceedings
of
the
11th
International
Unicode
Conference
.
[PRELOAD]
Preload
,
I.
Grigorik.
W3C.
[PRESENTATION]
Presentation
API
,
M.
Foltz,
D.
Röttsches.
W3C.
[REFERRERPOLICY]
Referrer
Policy
,
J.
Eisinger,
E.
Stark.
W3C.
[REQUESTIDLECALLBACK]
Cooperative
Scheduling
of
Background
Tasks
,
R.
McIlroy,
I.
Grigorik.
W3C.
[RESOURCEHINTS]
Resource
Hints
,
I.
Grigorik.
W3C.
[RFC1034]
Domain
Names
-
Concepts
and
Facilities
,
P.
Mockapetris.
IETF,
November
1987.
[RFC1123]
Requirements
for
Internet
Hosts
--
Application
and
Support
,
R.
Braden.
IETF,
October
1989.
[RFC2046]
Multipurpose
Internet
Mail
Extensions
(MIME)
Part
Two:
Media
Types
,
N.
Freed,
N.
Borenstein.
IETF.
[RFC2397]
The
"data"
URL
scheme
,
L.
Masinter.
IETF.
[RFC5545]
Internet
Calendaring
and
Scheduling
Core
Object
Specification
(iCalendar)
,
B.
Desruisseaux.
IETF.
[RFC2483]
URI
Resolution
Services
Necessary
for
URN
Resolution
,
M.
Mealling,
R.
Daniel.
IETF.
[RFC3676]
The
Text/Plain
Format
and
DelSp
Parameters
,
R.
Gellens.
IETF.
[RFC3864]
Registration
Procedures
for
Message
Header
Fields
,
G.
Klyne,
M.
Nottingham,
J.
Mogul.
IETF.
[RFC4329]
(Non-normative)
Scripting
Media
Types
,
B.
Höhrmann.
IETF.
[RFC4337]
(Non-normative)
MIME
Type
Registration
for
MPEG-4
,
Y.
Lim,
D.
Singer.
IETF.
[RFC7595]
Guidelines
and
Registration
Procedures
for
URI
Schemes
,
D.
Thaler,
T.
Hansen,
T.
Hardie.
IETF.
[RFC5322]
Internet
Message
Format
,
P.
Resnick.
IETF.
[RFC6381]
The
'Codecs'
and
'Profiles'
Parameters
for
"Bucket"
Media
Types
,
R.
Gellens,
D.
Singer,
P.
Frojdh.
IETF.
[RFC6266]
Use
of
the
Content-Disposition
Header
Field
in
the
Hypertext
Transfer
Protocol
(HTTP)
,
J.
Reschke.
IETF.
[RFC6350]
vCard
Format
Specification
,
S.
Perreault.
IETF.
[RFC6596]
The
Canonical
Link
Relation
,
M.
Ohye,
J.
Kupke.
IETF.
[RFC7303]
XML
Media
Types
,
H.
Thompson,
C.
Lilley.
IETF.
[RFC7578]
Returning
Values
from
Forms:
multipart/form-data
,
L.
Masinter.
IETF.
[SCREENORIENTATION]
Screen
Orientation
API
,
M.
Lamouri,
M.
Cáceres.
W3C.
[SCSU]
(Non-normative)
UTR
#6:
A
Standard
Compression
Scheme
For
Unicode
,
M.
Wolf,
K.
Whistler,
C.
Wicksteed,
M.
Davis,
A.
Freytag,
M.
Scherer.
Unicode
Consortium.
[SECURE-CONTEXTS]
Secure
Contexts
,
M.
West.
W3C.
[SELECTION]
Selection
API
,
R.
Niwa.
W3C.
[SELECTORS]
Selectors
,
E.
Etemad,
T.
Çelik,
D.
Glazman,
I.
Hickson,
P.
Linss,
J.
Williams.
W3C.
[SMS]
(Non-normative)
URI
Scheme
for
Global
System
for
Mobile
Communications
(GSM)
Short
Message
Service
(SMS)
,
E.
Wilde,
A.
Vaha-Sipila.
IETF.
[SRGB]
IEC
61966-2-1:
Multimedia
systems
and
equipment
—
Colour
measurement
and
management
—
Part
2-1:
Colour
management
—
Default
RGB
colour
space
—
sRGB
.
IEC.
[SRI]
Subresource
Integrity
,
D.
Akhawe,
F.
Braun,
F.
Marier,
J.
Weinberger.
W3C.
Structured
Headers
,
M.
Nottingham,
P-H.
Kamp.
[SVG]
Scalable
Vector
Graphics
(SVG)
2
,
N
Andronikos,
R.
Atanassov,
T.
Bah,
B.
Birtles,
B.
Brinza,
C.
Concolato,
E.
Dahlström,
C.
Lilley,
C.
McCormack,
D.
Schepers,
R.
Schwerdtfeger,
D.
Storey,
S.
Takagi,
J.
Watt.
W3C.
[SW]
Service
Workers
,
A.
Russell,
J.
Song,
J.
Archibald.
W3C.
[TOR]
(Non-normative)
Tor
.
[TOUCH]
Touch
Events
,
D.
Schepers,
S.
Moon,
M.
Brubeck,
A.
Barstow,
R.
Byers.
W3C.
[TZDATABASE]
(Non-normative)
Time
Zone
Database
.
IANA.
[UAAG]
(Non-normative)
User
Agent
Accessibility
Guidelines
(UAAG)
2.0
,
J.
Allan,
K.
Ford,
J.
Richards,
J.
Spellman.
W3C.
[UIEVENTS]
UI
Events
Specification
,
G.
Kacmarcik,
T.
Leithead.
W3C.
[UNICODE]
The
Unicode
Standard
.
Unicode
Consortium.
[UNIVCHARDET]
(Non-normative)
A
composite
approach
to
language/encoding
detection
,
S.
Li,
K.
Momoi.
Netscape.
In
Proceedings
of
the
19th
International
Unicode
Conference
.
[URL]
URL
,
A.
van
Kesteren.
WHATWG.
[URN]
URN
Syntax
,
R.
Moats.
IETF.
[UTF7]
(Non-normative)
UTF-7:
A
Mail-Safe
Transformation
Format
of
Unicode
,
D.
Goldsmith,
M.
Davis.
IETF.
[UTF8DET]
(Non-normative)
Multilingual
form
encoding
,
M.
Dürst.
W3C.
[UTR36]
(Non-normative)
UTR
#36:
Unicode
Security
Considerations
,
M.
Davis,
M.
Suignard.
Unicode
Consortium.
[WCAG]
(Non-normative)
Web
Content
Accessibility
Guidelines
(WCAG)
2.0
,
B.
Caldwell,
M.
Cooper,
L.
Reid,
G.
Vanderheiden.
W3C.
[WEBANIMATIONS]
Web
Animations
,
B.
Birtles,
S.
Stephens,
D.
Stockwell.
W3C.
[WEBCRYPTO]
(Non-normative)
Web
Cryptography
API
,
M.
Watson.
W3C.
[WEBGL]
WebGL
Specifications
,
D.
Jackson,
J.
Gilbert.
Khronos
Group.
[WEBIDL]
Web
IDL
,
C.
McCormack.
W3C.
[WEBLINK]
Web
Linking
,
M.
Nottingham.
IETF.
[WEBMCG]
WebM
Container
Guidelines
.
The
WebM
Project.
[WEBVTT]
WebVTT
,
S.
Pieters.
W3C.
[WHATWGWIKI]
The
WHATWG
Wiki
.
WHATWG.
[WORKLETS]
Worklets
.
I.
Kilpatrick.
W3C.
[WSP]
The
WebSocket
protocol
,
I.
Fette,
A.
Melnikov.
IETF.
[X121]
Recommendation
X.121
—
International
Numbering
Plan
for
Public
Data
Networks
,
CCITT
Blue
Book,
Fascicle
VIII.3,
pp.
317-332.
[XFN]
XFN
1.1
profile
,
T.
Çelik,
M.
Mullenweg,
E.
Meyer.
GMPG.
[XHR]
XMLHttpRequest
,
A.
van
Kesteren.
WHATWG.
[XKCD1288]
(Non-normative)
Substitutions
,
Randall
Munroe.
xkcd.
[XML]
Extensible
Markup
Language
,
T.
Bray,
J.
Paoli,
C.
Sperberg-McQueen,
E.
Maler,
F.
Yergeau.
W3C.
[XMLENTITY]
(Non-normative)
XML
Entity
Definitions
for
Characters
,
D.
Carlisle,
P.
Ion.
W3C.
[XMLNS]
Namespaces
in
XML
,
T.
Bray,
D.
Hollander,
A.
Layman,
R.
Tobin.
W3C.
[XMLSSPI]
Associating
Style
Sheets
with
XML
documents
,
J.
Clark,
S.
Pieters,
H.
Thompson.
W3C.
[XPATH10]
XML
Path
Language
(XPath)
Version
1.0
,
J.
Clark,
S.
DeRose.
W3C.
[XSLT10]
(Non-normative)
XSL
Transformations
(XSLT)
Version
1.0
,
J.
Clark.
W3C.
[XSLTP]
(Non-normative)
DOM
XSLTProcessor
,
WHATWG
Wiki.
WHATWG.
←
Index
—
Table
of
Contents
—
Acknowledgments
→